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Short Summary |
Despite major advances in the education of the
female labour force in Chile relative to males, gender differences
in wages still exist. This paper analyses the evolution of the gender
wage gap in Chile during the period of 1992 to 2003 using the 'decomposition
approach' developed in Ņopo, 2004. This approach, which breaks down
the wage gap into various elements, stresses the need for comparisons
between observable characteristics of individuals, such as education,
hours worked, and how long worked in the same job. The results suggest
that there are differences in wages between men and women in Chile,
where males are often paid more. These differences in wages, show
no clear tendency during the period studied. Wage gaps are biggest
in higher earning jobs, among those with high educational attainment,
among directors, and also among part-time workers. There is some evidence
of a 'glass-ceiling' (where women cannot progress beyond a certain
level) in Chilean labour markets - for some occupations, there are
highly paid males but not females. There are still noticeable gender
differences, favouring males, in labour market participation and outcomes.
From 1992-2003, the male labour force participation rate is almost
twice that of females (70 percent vs. 36 percent) and the male unemployment
rate was just below the female unemployment rate (8 percent vs. 10
percent). Regarding hourly wages, males earned between 22 percent
and 35 percent more than females during the same period. |
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